Statistical Power, P Values And Confidence Levels.

Determining cause and effect relationships can be hampered by noise.  If an effect occurs some percentage of the time in the presence of a specific cause, then that cause and effect pair has a statistical power equal to that percentage.  If an effect occurs some percentage of the time in the absence of a specific cause, then that cause and effect pair has a p value equal to that percentage.  The confidence level is the percentage equal to 100 minus the p value percentage.