Sumerians And Babylonians

Sumer was the first civilization. The Sumerians had agriculture, writing, wheels and positional mathematics notation around 4000 BC. They wrote the first great work of literature, the Epic of Gilgamesh. They were located in Mesopotamia and many later civilizations in the region, like Babylonia, copied much from them.

The YBC 7289 Babylonian tablet has an approximation for √2 accurate to nine significant figures!

The Plimpton 322 Babylonian tablet contained a list of Pythagorean triples 1000 years before Pythagoras!