Python Types & Classes

In Python, types and classes are the same thing and both inherit from the object class.

Measurement Problem

Quantum mechanics does not precisely define what causes the Schrödinger wave function to collapse because it does not precisely define what a measurement is.  This is referred to as the measurement problem.

Centroids

 Centroids are vector averages.

YAML

YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language) is a superset of JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) supporting the encoding of data structures using significant whitespace, and, the encoding of strings without using quotes.  For these and other reasons, YAML can typically encode key value pairs in a more user friendly format than JSON.

Agile Product Development Work Categories

Agile product development divides work into the following categories:

Unicode Symbols, Code Points & Encodings

Unicode associates symbols with bit strings referred to as code points. Code points can have various bit string encodings.

Baryons & Mesons

Baryons are quark triplet hadrons like protons and neutrons. Mesons are quark antiquark pair hadrons like pions and kaons. Baryons are fermions and mesons are bosons.

Hadrons, Leptons & Gauge Bosons

Hadrons are quark sets like protons and neutrons. Leptons are "quarkless" half spin fermions like electrons and neutrinos. Gauge bosons are spin one bosons like photons, W particles, Z particles and gluons.

Fermions & Bosons

Fermions are fractional spin particles like electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks and neutrinos. Bosons are integer spin particles like photons, W particles, Z particles and gluons. Bosons are force carriers.

CRUD Database User Interfaces

Database user interfaces for reading, writing (adding and updating) and deletion are referred to as CRUD database user interfaces.

Positivism

Positivism is the belief that knowledge comes only from measurements and reasoning about measurements. Positivists ignore what cannot be measured. Positivism was helpful in the development of general relativity and quantum mechanics.

Data Lakes, Data Warehouses & Data Lakehouses

Data lakes are unstructured data optimized data stores. Data warehouses are structured data optimized data stores. Data lakehouses are structured and unstructured data optimized data stores. Data warehouses may allow unstructured data but they are not optimized for it.

ACID Property

Sets of database operations have the ACID property if they have the following properties:

• All operations always successfully complete or as if all never attempted (atomicity).
• All beginning and ending database states are always valid (consistency).
• All operations never depend on other operations in process that are not in the set (isolation).
• All ending database states always survive system failures (durability).

Sets of database operations that have the ACID property are referred to as database transactions.

Kinematics & Dynamics

Kinematics is the subset of mechanics not involving forces and torques. Dynamics is the subset of mechanics involving forces and torques.

Electrostatics & Electrodynamics

Electrostatics is the study of unvarying charges, currents and electromagnetic fields. Electrodynamics is the study of varying charges, currents and electromagnetic fields.

Python Boolean Types

Python booleans are of type bool which is a subclass of type int which is a subclass of type object.

Lunar Cycles

The orbital period of the Moon is about 27.3 days. The phases of the Moon on Earth appear to have a period of about 29.5 days.

Equinoxes

Equinoxes are when the Sun is directly above the equator.

Easter

Easter is on the first Sunday after the first ecclesiastical full moon on or after the ecclesiastical spring equinox. Actual spring equinoxes are on various days in March while ecclesiastical spring equinoxes are always on March 21. Ecclesiastical full moons are based on ancient rules and sometimes slightly differ from actual full moons.

Modems

Encoding digital information into waves is referred to as modulation. Decoding digital information from waves is referred to as demodulation. Devices which do modulation and demodulation are referred to as modems. Example use cases include transmission via sound and radio waves.